النظم البين في الفقه المتعين 16 الصيام

Peace be upon you, and God's mercy and blessings. In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

Praise be to God. May God bless and grant peace to His Messenger.

And to his family, his companions, and those who follow him. To begin, I ask God Almighty to grant us understanding of the religion and teach us what benefits us, and to make our teacher benefit us. Amen.

We are continuing with the Clear Verses on Essential Jurisprudence. Last lesson, we reached fasting; we finished zakat, and now, God willing, we begin fasting.

The poem says: The chapter on fasting.

What does the poem say? The chapter on fasting is obligatory in two months—

that is, Ramadan, from dawn until

sunset, by refraining from putting anything into the stomach, in any manner, and from intercourse and ejaculation.

Likewise, direct contact that causes ejaculation, deliberate vomiting, and cupping invalidate a fasting person's fast.

The poet is discussing fasting. The first issue he begins with is this: the first issue

is what? The ruling on fasting.

It is obligatory in the month of Ramadan. This is the first issue.

So, of course, fasting can be voluntary,

such as fasting Mondays and Thursdays, and six days of Shawwal,

the white days, and so on. But since we are studying the poem,

which covers essential jurisprudence, we have not mentioned this category.

We have obligatory fasting.

The only fast obligatory by the original law is the fast of Ramadan—the fast of Ramadan alone.

There is also an obligation that is not part of the original law, such as when someone makes a vow and obligates himself, saying, “I owe God a vow to fast on a certain day.”

Then fasting on that day becomes obligatory because of his vow, not by the original law.

All right, is there a disliked fast? Yes.

Fasting Saturday alone, or Friday alone. Right?

Fasting the day of doubt—these are disliked fasts. Is there a forbidden fast? We say yes.

There is a forbidden fast. What is it? Fasting on Eid day or on the days of Tashreeq. This is forbidden fasting.

We are now discussing what is obligatory by the original law: the fast of Ramadan.

Not the obligatory fast due to an act by the person, such as fasting after making a vow or committing something that requires expiation through fasting.

This is an obligatory expiatory fast, but it is not obligatory by the original law; it is due to an act by the person. So, to return to our point, the obligatory fast is Ramadan.

Obligatory in which month? Ramadan. All right, the time of fasting—what is the second issue? The time of fasting.

We say the time of fasting is from dawn until sunset. The poet says: from dawn until the sun sets.

This is the second issue: the time of fasting, which begins at true dawn.

It is before sunrise; sometimes it is

about an hour and a half or so before. True dawn is the first light before sunrise, spreading across the horizon in the direction of the west.

Until sunset—that is, until the sun disappears completely. Sunset means the sun has fully disappeared in the west.

The next issue, the next issue after that, is the things that break the fast—the things that break the fast.

Just a minute.

All right, what breaks the fast? What must a fasting person refrain from? Fasting means abstaining from things that break the fast. What does fasting mean?

Fasting is—sorry—fasting is abstaining

from things that break the fast. So, to understand fasting, we need to know what breaks the fast.

The first thing that breaks the fast is introducing something into the body cavity. He says, “from…”

So, what does fasting require abstaining from? What do you fast from? What do you abstain from? First:

introducing anything into the body cavity, in any way. What does that mean? The cavity is the hollow space inside the body,