النظم البين في الفقه المتعين 14 شروط وجوب الزكاة

Peace be upon you, and God's mercy and blessings.

In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds.

May God bless and grant peace to our Prophet Muhammad, his family, and all his companions. To begin, I ask God Almighty to grant us understanding of the religion,

to teach us what benefits us, to benefit us through what He has taught us, and to increase us in beneficial knowledge and righteous deeds. He is its Guardian and able to do so. Now then,

In our previous lessons, we finished discussing purification and prayer.

Now it is time to discuss zakat. But since zakat is only obligatory for someone who owns the minimum threshold,

meaning they have a certain level of wealth. As for prayer,

and purification, too, is one of the conditions of prayer. Prayer is obligatory for every adult, sane Muslim, whether poor or wealthy,

whether poor or wealthy, free or enslaved—it makes no difference.

Prayer is never waived for anyone who is accountable, except for a menstruating woman, as is clear.

That is why knowing the pillars and obligations of prayer is an individual duty. As for

as for zakat, it is not obligatory for everyone.

But you must know whether you are among those for whom zakat is obligatory.

If you are among those for whom zakat is obligatory, then you have an additional duty: to learn the rulings of the zakat you owe.

In the jurisprudence we are studying now, what rulings on zakat will we cover? You need to know

whether zakat is obligatory for you in the first place—that is, the conditions for zakat to be obligatory.

He says: A chapter on zakat. Its conditions are Islam, freedom, and full ownership of the minimum threshold,

and the passage of a year, except for produce from the land, profit, and offspring. This applies to grazing livestock. Then come the obligatory zakat rates for its categories. We will study this in the next lesson.

So, zakat has conditions. What is meant here by its conditions? What do we mean

by its conditions here? Conditions—

for it to be obligatory. That is, what are the conditions for it to be obligatory?

In other words, who has to pay zakat?

The first condition for zakat to be obligatory is Islam, so it is not obligatory for a non-Muslim.

Zakat is not obligatory for a non-Muslim. The second condition is freedom, so it is not obligatory for an enslaved person.

Because an enslaved person and whatever they possess belong to their master, so they do not own it. The third condition is owning the minimum threshold.

Whoever does not own the nisab—the nisab is a specific amount of wealth.

It varies by category. For example, the nisab for camels is five camels.

The gold nisab is 20 mithqals, which is 85 grams. The silver nisab is 100 dirhams, which is 595 grams.

The nisab for grains and fruits is five awsuq, which is 300 sa‘.

The nisab for trade goods is based on their value. So if their value reaches

the nisab for gold or the nisab for silver, zakat is due on them. Right?

Cash and livestock. For example, the nisab for sheep is 40, and for cattle it is 30.

Okay, trade goods and crops from the land: five awsuq.

As for zakat al-fitr, these thirty—God willing—have no nisab. So, we’ve learned the second and third conditions.

The first condition is Islam, so zakat is not due from a non-Muslim. The second is freedom, so it is not due from a slave. The third is owning the nisab.

So it is not due from a poor person who does not own the nisab. And we said that each type of wealth has its own nisab.

The fourth condition is that a full year has passed. Of course, one must have complete ownership of the nisab.

Some scholars count this as a fourth condition, saying that owning the nisab is one condition

and complete ownership is a fourth condition. You can treat it that way, or make them one condition—whichever you prefer. I think the easiest way to understand it

the easiest way to understand it is to make them one condition: ownership

of the nisab with complete ownership. Actually, it’s easier to make it the third condition: owning the nisab with complete ownership.

Complete ownership excludes some cases of incomplete ownership. For example—and these are few, specific cases—if someone says, “This building is an endowment for the poor,”