0:03

Hello, everyone, welcome to the first video of D SE Concept E arning,

Hello,大家好,歡迎來到D SE Concept E arning的第一條影片,

0:07

and today this video will talk about M 1, this R isk and Opportun ities, the opportunities and risks, including S nap Pool and R isk P ulse, this is about plate tectonics and push.

而今天這條影片就會跟大家講講M 1,這個R isk and Opportun ities,機會與風險,裡面的S nap Pool和R isk P ulse,這個是板拉和隻推的。

0:18

Before we dive into today's two main topics, I want to talk to you about M ental Con version, the concept of slow convection.

在進入今天兩大主題之前,就想跟大家講一下M ental Con version,地慢對流的概念。

0:25

Actually, the plate and push are related to this S nap - P ull and R idge - P ull, which is closely related to the slow convection M ental Con version.

其實板和隻推就是這個S nap - P ull和R idge - P ull其實跟地慢對流M ental Con version有很密切的關係

0:35

So what exactly is slow convection? In fact, slow convection M ental Con version refers to the mechanism of heat transfer from the Earth's interior to the surface.

而地慢對流究竟是說什麼呢?其實地慢對流M ental Con version是說熱力由地球的內部轉移到表面的機制

0:46

And because this heat is transferred from the Earth's interior to the surface,

而因為這些熱力由地球的內部轉移到表面

0:51

it will form different densities in the lithosphere, N ith os phere.

它就會在岩石圈, N ith os phere 形成不同的密度

0:57

And what forces cause the plate movement that many students talk about?

而很多同學所說的板塊移動究竟是由什麼力量產生呢?

1:02

It is because of gravity, G raph ity, we will talk more about this part when we enter the topic.

就是因為引力, G raph ity這部分我們進入主題的時候會多說一些

1:09

Here is a diagram, this diagram is meant for you to simply understand the concept of slow convection.

這裡有一幅圖,這幅圖是希望各位同學可以簡單地了解一下地慢對流的概念

1:16

You will see here is a convection cell, we call it Con version Cell.

你們會看到這裡是一個對流圈的,我們叫它Con version Cell

1:21

What is the function of this convection cell? It brings heat from the Earth's interior to the surface.

這個對流圈有什麼功用呢?就會在地球內部的時候,把熱力帶上去表面

1:30

This forms the mechanism of floor convection we just mentioned.

形成剛剛我們所說的地板對流的機制

1:35

Alright, officially moving on to today's topic, which is this W itch Push and S nap Pull. First, let's talk about this W itch Push, which is the push.

好,正式還有今天的主題,就是這個W itch Push和S nap Pull好,首先講一下這個W itch Push,就是隻推

1:44

Because we all know that the temperature deep in the Earth

因為我們都知道,月深的地球的

1:47

will get hotter, so in the mantle rocks, which are the rocks in the lower Mental, will be heated by the Earth's core.

溫度會越來越熱,所以在夏地曼的岩石,就是這個ower Mental 裡面的岩石就會被地核加熱

1:59

And when the mantle rocks are heated, they will expand.

而當地盲的岩石被加熱之後,它就會擴展

2:03

And as they expand, their density decreases, leading to less increase.

和物道變得更小,就變得少增加

2:09

And because their expansion and the decrease in density will cause the mantle column to move upward.

而因為它們擴展和物道變小的關係會令到地曼柱向上移動

2:20

When the mantle column pushes up to the colored circle,

當地曼柱向上推動到顏色圈上的時候

2:26

it will make the oceanic geology, which is the O cean ic Lith osphere, thinner.

就會令到海洋地學就是O cean ic Lith osphere變得更薄

2:34

This thinning causes the melting point of the rocks to decrease.

變成薄的令到岩石的溶點降低

2:40

This melting point, due to these factors, will lead to the emergence of M eg mar and magma.

就是這個溶點從而因為有這些因素,就會令到M eg mar、岩漿出現

2:52

And because magma and M eg mar are both very hot, they will rise.

而因為岩漿和M eg mar同樣地很熱,所以它會上升

2:58

So it will fill some cracks, which are called F ish ers.

所以就會填補到一些裂縫,就是F ish ers

3:02

When filling the cracks, new crust will form.

填裂縫的時候就會形成新的地殼

3:09

These heated and lower density crusts will rise and surpass.

這些熱了和密度較低的地殼也

3:13

Will rise and surpass

會上升,並且超越

3:16

The original crust, like a small mountain, will arch up, forming an expanding seat, which is an upwelling ridge

原本的地殼,就像山仔一樣,會拱起,形成了膨脹的席,就是一個ups welling ridge

3:26

When this rock cools and solidifies, it will form new oceanic geology, it will form new oceanic geology,

當這個磐鑽的隻冷卻和凝固, 之後,就會形成新的海洋地學,就會形成新的海洋地學,

3:40

And this newly formed oceanic geology will also be affected by external factors causing it to cool and contract, which is cruise and contrast

而這個新形成的海洋地學,它也會受到外部因令到它冷卻和收縮,就是C ru ise and Cont rast

3:49

Because it cools and contracts, it will increase its density, that is, density increases

因為它冷卻和收縮,就會令到它們的密度變大就是D ensity變大

3:56

Moreover, because there is gravity here, it will cause

再加上因為有引力在這裡,就會令到

4:01

The newly formed oceanic crust will slide down from both sides of the ridge, as if it is sliding down while speaking

新形成的海洋地殼會從脊的兩邊向下滑下去好像說話看似的滑下去

4:09

Because the lines on both sides will cause tension to appear

因為他們兩邊線就會令到張鈴出現

4:15

And the English term for tension is Tensional Force, because there is tension here, it will cause these two plates to separate

而張鈴的英文就是T ensional Force因為有張鈴在這裏,就會令到這兩塊板塊分離

4:24

And the boundary of the separating plates, we have learned, is called a constructive plate boundary, Constructive Page Boundary

而分離的板塊邊界,我們都學過了就是叫做建設性板塊邊界, C onst ructive Page B ound ary

4:32

And this is a detailed explanation of V is put s

而這一個就是V is put s的一個詳細解釋

4:38

Alright, now we enter the last part of today's main topic, which is this spotted milk

好了,現在進入到我們今天的主題的最後一部分,就是這個斑奶

4:47

Just mentioned earlier, the Reach Pulse mentioned that the opening plates will continuously separate

剛剛前面Re ach P ulse提過了,開人板塊會不斷分離

4:53

When separating, they will merge with other rocks in the asthenosphere, that is, the A sp inos phere merges

分離的時候就會跟其他岩石在遠流圈融合,就是這個A sp inos phere融合

5:00

Because the merging process will make the plates thicker, becoming flicker

因為融合的過程會令板塊變得更厚,變成f icker

5:06

After a long time, possibly millions of years later, these plates become thicker, and the density's Tensibility will become greater

經過很長的時間,可能是幾百萬年之後,這些板塊就變得更加厚,而且密度的T ens ibility會變得更大

5:19

Because of the continuous separation process, it is inevitable to collide with other plates

因為不斷分離的過程,難免會跟其他板塊碰撞

5:24

Therefore, the plate with slightly higher specific gravity and density

所以,比重一點和密度高一點的板塊

5:29

Then will subduct, within this mantle

然後就會輔沖,就在這個輪流圈裡面

5:36

Because the subduction process will generate suction, this is called Suction Force

因為輔沖的過程就會產生吸力,這個叫S uction Force

5:40

It will continue to pull the remaining plates into this soft mantle

它就會將剩下的板塊繼續拉進這個軟流圈

5:46

That is, within this A sp hen osphere, thus generating compressive pressure, which is this Compressional Force that assists these two plates

就是這個A sp hen osphere裡面從而產生劑壓力,就是這個C omp ress ional Force令到這兩塊板塊相助

5:56

Compared to Ridge Pulse, the explanation of plate pull is relatively brief

相比起R idge P ulse,板拉的解釋是比較簡短一點的

6:03

Next, let's take a look at the image I just introduced.

接下來我們看看圖片剛剛我介紹完

6:06

This Ridge Pulse and Snap Pro's push and pull mechanism may lead some students to think they are two independent mechanisms, but in fact, they are closely related.

這個R idge P ulse和S nap Pro的隻推和彈牌的時候有同學可能會認為他們是兩個獨立的機制但其實不是的,他們是兩者之間有很密切的關係

6:19

This image, as we explained before.

這幅圖,首先我們之前也解釋過

6:22

When the mental rises, it will form a new oceanic ridge.

因為M ental上升的時候就會形成一個新的海原地坡

6:30

Then it will pull to the left and right, forming the Ridge Push process because they will separate from each other.

然後就會向左右兩邊拉形成R idge Push推的過程因為他們會互相分離

6:39

Inevitably, it will collide with other plates during the collision.

難免會跟另外一些板塊相撞相撞的時候

6:48

It will then crash into the circular flow and form Snap Pull.

就會苦衝進入圓流圈然後就會形成S nap Pull

6:55

So, in fact, the two are very closely related.

所以其實兩者是有非常密切的關係

6:59

I hope this image helps students understand that they are closely related.

希望用到這幅圖,令同學知道他們兩者是有密切的關係的

7:07

Well, after today's video, I hope everyone has gained something and learned from it.

好了,經過今天的影片之後,希望大家樂所得著,在影片中學到東西

7:14

If you learned something, feel free to like us and share with your friends.

如果大家學到東西的,不妨like我們,分享給朋友們

7:21

And the most important thing is to subscribe to our channel, as we will be releasing more videos to help students.

還有最重要的就是訂閱我們的頻道,因為我們之後會推出更多影片去幫助同學

7:28

That's all for today, goodbye!

今天就跟大家說到這裡,拜拜!

DSE GEOG Concept 地理概念 001: 岩板拉力與海脊推力（Slab pull & Ridge push）